pike

The pike, a fearsome predator in lakes and rivers, is an important component of the freshwater ecosystem. This fact sheet provides concise information on size, weight, diet, and reproduction, and highlights the importance of water conservation and sustainable fishing.

pike Products

Profile: pike

  • Scientific classification

    • Class: Bony fishes (Actinopterygii)
    • Order: Pike-like fishes (Esociformes)
    • Family: Pike (Esocidae)
    • Genus: Esox
    • Species: E. lucius (pike)

  • Physical characteristics

    • Size: 50–150 cm, in exceptional cases up to 180 cm
    • Weight: 1–25 kg, particularly large specimens can reach 30 kg
    • Special features: Elongated, torpedo-shaped body, pointed mouth with many teeth, greenish to brown in color with light spots, strong tail and dorsal fins

  • Habitat and distribution

    • Common regions: Europe, North America, Asia
    • Habitat: Standing or slow-flowing waters such as lakes, ponds, river arms; prefers plant-rich zones and shore areas with plenty of cover

  • Nutrition

    • Diet: Carnivore (piscivore)
    • Typical food: fish, frogs, waterfowl, small mammals; young pike eat insects and small crustaceans

  • Reproduction and lifestyle

    • Spawning season: Spring (March to April) at 8–12°C water temperature
    • Eggs: 20,000-100,000 eggs per female
    • Lifestyle: Solitary, predatory, ambush hunter; often stays hidden among aquatic plants

  • Lifespan and protection status

    • Life expectancy: 10–15 years in the wild
    • Endangered status: Not endangered, but local populations are threatened by overfishing and water pollution
    • Protective measures: water management, compliance with closed seasons, sustainable fishing